{"id":1239,"date":"2025-12-12T11:31:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T03:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/?p=1239"},"modified":"2025-12-13T16:35:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T08:35:48","slug":"the-twin-screw-extruder-a-comprehensive-treatise-on-functionality-and-multifaceted-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c-\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629-\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629-\u0639\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a (TSE) \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"636\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53163.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-964\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53163.png.webp 761w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53163-300x251.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53163-14x12.png.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2.1. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.2. \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.3. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3.1. \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.3. \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.5. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>4.1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.2. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.3. \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5.1. \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5.2. \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5.3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648 TVP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5.4. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>6.1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (HME) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6.2. \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6.3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>7.1. \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.3. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.4. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"613\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53162.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-963\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53162.png.webp 762w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53162-300x241.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53162-15x12.png.webp 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 TSE \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.1. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong><br>\u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643<\/strong> \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 TSEs \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a 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\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"577\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53161.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-962\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53161.png.webp 577w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53161-300x259.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53161-14x12.png.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.2. \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong><br>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643). \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0634\u0643\u0644 8 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632:<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a 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\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<br>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TSE \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633:<\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0642\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639:<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641.<br>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TSE \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 PVC) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.3. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><br>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646) \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\/\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0646:<\/strong> \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 (\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \"\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\" \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628:<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \"\u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\" \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 TSE \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 TSE \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.1. \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><br>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 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\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong>. \u0641\u064a TSE\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644 (DV):<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a TSEs \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 TSEs \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a (REX):<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062f TSE \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644). \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a REX \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \"\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.5. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><br>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a TSE \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u062e\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53165.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-966\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53165.png.webp 764w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53165-300x266.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53165-14x12.png.webp 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628: \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/strong><br>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<br>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a TSE \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.2. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c TSEs \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (50-80%) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.3. \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/strong><br>\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c PC\/ABS\u060c PPE\/HIPS) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong> (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 REX). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0640 TSE \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><br>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TSEs \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 REX) \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 TSE \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a (HTST)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.1. \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/strong><br>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 TSEs \u0628\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627. \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0645\u0634\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627: \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.2. \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TSE \u0628\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u062c\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\/\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u063a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 HTST \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648 TVP<\/strong><br>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621) \u0641\u064a TSE \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.4. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627<\/strong><br>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 TSEs \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 PLA. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (HME)<\/strong>\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (QbD) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (HME) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong><br>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 API \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c PVP\u060c HPMCAS) \u0641\u064a TSE \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 TSE \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.2. \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 HME\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 TSE \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><br>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 TSEs \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a TSE \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.1. \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647<\/strong><br>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 TSEs \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 6\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0626\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><br>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a TSE \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"706\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53164.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-965\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53164.png.webp 762w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53164-300x278.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/\u81a8\u53164-13x12.png.webp 13w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.3. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/strong><br>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a TSEs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (PBX) \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a TSEs \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.4. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><br>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 FDM \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 TSE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0640 TSE \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0641\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (PAT):<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a (NIR\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (SME) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 16-20 \u0645\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (70-130 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161514_336.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-969\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161514_336.png.webp 690w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161514_336-300x121.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161514_336-18x7.png.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 - \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u0629\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161432_408.png.webp\" class=\"wp-image-970\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161432_408.png.webp 704w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161432_408-300x124.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2025\/11\/wechat_2025-11-06_161432_408-18x7.png.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Twin-Screw Extruder: A Comprehensive Treatise on Functionality and Multifaceted Applications The twin-screw extruder (TSE) stands as a cornerstone of modern industrial processing, a versatile and sophisticated workhorse that has revolutionized the manufacture of products across a staggering array of sectors. Moving far beyond its origins in polymer processing, the twin-screw extruder has emerged as [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[121,100,168],"class_list":["post-1239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge-center","tag-bread-crumbs-making-machine","tag-puffed-snack-food-making-machine","tag-twin-screw-extruder-machine"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1239"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chunmu.cc\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}